Exsufflation: 5 cm antérieur survie = 9 latéral

Needle Thoracostomy: Does Changing Needle Length and Location Change Patient Outcome?

 

Weichenthal LA et Al. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018 Jun;33(3):237-244

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Un travail aux résultats qui interpellent. Il compare 2 pratiques (exsufflation antérieure avec un KT de 5 cm et exsufflation latérale avec un KT de 9 cm) et qui ne met pas en évidence d'avantage à l'emploi de cathéter d'exsufflation de grande longueur en terme de survie. Pour rappel l'exsufflation au doigt doit rester la référence (Lire la fiche memento)

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BACKGROUND:

Needle thoracostomy (NT) is a common prehospital intervention for patients in extremis or cardiac arrest due to trauma. The purpose of this study is to compare outcomes, efficacy, and complications after a change in policy related to NT in a four-county Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system with a catchment area of greater than 1.6 million people.

METHODS:

This is a before and after observational study of all patients who had NT performed in the Central California (USA) EMS system. The before, anterior midclavicular line (MCL) group consisted of all patients who underwent NT from May 7, 2007 through February 28, 2013. The after, midaxillary line (MAL) axillary group consisted of all patients who underwent NT from March 1, 2013 through January 30, 2016, after policy revisions changed the timing, needle size, and placement location for NT. All prehospital and hospital records where NT was performed were queried for demographics, mechanism of injury, initial status and post-NT clinical change, reported complications, and final outcome. The trauma registry was accessed to obtain Injury Severity Scores (ISS). Information was manually abstracted by study investigators and examined utilizing univariate and multivariate analyses.

RESULTS:

Three-hundred and five trauma patients treated with NT were included in this study, of which, 169 patients (the MCL group) were treated with a 14-gauge intravenous (IV) catheter at least 5.0-cm long at the second intercostal space (ICS), MCL after being placed in the ambulance; and 136 patients (the MAL group) were treated with a 10-gauge IV catheter at least 9.5-cm long at the fifth ICS, MAL on scene. The mean ISS was lower in the MAL cohort (64.5 versus 69.2; P=.007). The mortality rate was 79% in both groups.

 

 

The multivariate model with regard to survival supported that a lower ISS (P<.001) and reported clinical change after NT (P=.003) were significant indicators of survival. No complications from NT were reported.

CONCLUSIONS:

Changing the timing, length of needle, and location of placement did not change mortality in patients requiring NT. Needle thoracostomy was used more frequently after the change in policy, and the MAL cohort was less injured. No increase in reported complications was noted.

Médecin de marine et petites urgences

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March: Aussi chez les chinois

Expert consensus on the evaluation and diagnosis of combat injuries of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army

Zong W et Al Mil Med Res. 2018 Feb 13;5(1):6

 The accurate assessment and diagnosis of combat injuries are the basis for triage and treatment of combat casualties. A consensus on the assessment and diagnosis of combat injuries was made and discussed at the second annual meeting of the Professional Committee on Disaster Medicine of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA). In this consensus agreement, the massive hemorrhage, airway, respiration, circulation and hypothermia (MARCH) algorithm, which is a simple triage and rapid treatment and field triage score, was recommended to assess combat casualties during the first-aid stage, whereas the abbreviated scoring method for combat casualty and the MARCH algorithm were recommended to assess combat casualties in level II facilities. In level III facilities, combined measures, including a history inquiry, thorough physical examination, laboratory examination, X-ray, and ultrasound examination, were recommended for the diagnosis of combat casualties. In addition, corresponding methods were recommended for the recognition of casualties needing massive transfusions, assessment of firearm wounds, evaluation of mangled extremities, and assessment of injury severity in this consensus.

Proectection antivectorielle: Bonnes pratiques

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Curare pour intuber: Oui, mais aussi !

Effects of avoidance or use of neuromuscular blocking agents on outcomes in tracheal intubation: a Cochrane systematic review.

Lundstrøm LH et all. Br J Anaesth. 2018 Jun;120(6):1381-1393.

 

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^{Il est communément admis que l'emploi de curares facilite l'intubation et réduit les complications liées à ce geste. C'est bien ce que confirme cette publication. Mais cette dernière conclue également à l'importance de peser le risque bénéfice risque. Dans les conditions extrêmes d'isolement et de prise en charge de trauma maxillo-faciaux/cranien ballistique l'objectif principal doit rester l'oxygénation des blessés/accidentés. Si l'induction en séquence rapide reste la référence, l'éventualité d'une intubation sans curare sous anesthésie locale doit être évoquée en cas de risque d'impossibilité de ventilation manuelle ou spontanée et de difficulté d'intubation. Dans tous les cas il reste nécessaire de pouvoir réaliser un abord chirurgical des voies aériennes.}

^{Lire ici les recommandations de la SFAR: Intubation difficile en anesthésie, en réanimation}

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Cohort studies have indicated that avoidance of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) is a risk factor for difficult tracheal intubation. However, the impact of avoiding NMBA on tracheal intubation, possible adverse effects, and postoperative discomfort has not been evaluated in a systematic review of randomised trials. We searched several databases for trials published until January 2017. We included randomised controlled trials comparing the effect of avoiding vs using NMBA. Two independent authors assessed risk of bias and extracted data. The risk of random errors was assessed by trial sequential analysis (TSA). We included 34 trials (3565 participants). In the four trials judged to have low risk of bias, there was an increased risk of difficult tracheal intubation with no use of NMBA [random-effects model, risk ratio (RR) 13.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.19-21.49, P<0.00001, TSA-adjusted CI 1.85-95.04]. The result was confirmed when including all trials, (RR 5.00, 95% CI 3.49-7.15, P<0.00001, TSA-adjusted CI 1.20-20.77). There was a significant risk of upper airway discomfort or injury by avoiding NMBA (RR=1.37, 95% CI 1.09-1.74, P=0.008, TSA-adjusted CI 1.00-1.86). None of the trials reported mortality. Avoiding NMBA was significantly associated with difficult laryngoscopy, (RR 2.54, 95% CI 1.53-4.21, P=0.0003, TSA-adjusted CI 0.27-21.75). In a clinical context, one must balance arguments for using NMBA when performing tracheal intubation.