22/07/2013
Tourniquet: Serrer fort et surtout vérifier l'efficacité
Forward Assessment of 79 Prehospital Battlefield Tourniquets Used in the Current War
King DR et All. J Spec Oper Med. 2012 Winter;12(4):33-8.
Un article important qui doit faire réfléchir à la manière dont l'instruction sur le garrot est conduite aussi bien au niveau du SC1 que du SC 2.
Dans ce document il est expliqué que 79 garrots sont posés sur 65 jambes garrotées de 54 combattants. Seules 17 jambes avaient des lésions artérielles. 14 d'entre elles étaient majueres mais seules 4 avait un garrot sérré correctement c'est à dire avec abolition du pouls distal. mais qu'aucune lésion artérielle n'a été prise en charge sans garrot sur la même période. Un rappel simple est fait sen outre sur l'importance de la largeur du garrot.
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Introduction: Battlefield tourniquet use can be lifesaving, but most reports are from hospitals with knowledge gaps remaining at the forward surgical team (FST). The quality of tourniquet applications in forward settings remain unknown. The purpose of this case series is to describe observations oftourniquet use at an FST in order to improve clinical performance.
Methods: War casualties with tourniquet use presenting to an FST in Afghanistan in 2011 were observed. We identified appliers by training, device effectiveness, injury pattern, and clinical opportunities for improvement. Feedback was given to treating medics. Results: Tourniquet applications (79) were performed by special operations combat medics (47, 59%), flight medics (17, 22%), combat medics (12, 15%), and general surgeons (3, 4%). Most tourniquets were Combat Application Tourniquets (71/79, 90%). With tourniquets in place upon arrival at the FST, most limbs (83%, 54/65) had palpable distal pulses present; 17% were pulseless (11/65). Of all tourniquets, the use was venous in 83% and arterial in 17%. In total, there were 14 arterial injuries, but only 5 had effective arterial tourniquetsapplied.
Discussion: Tourniquets are liberally applied to extremity injuries on the battlefield. 17% were arterial and 83% were venous tourniquets. When ongoing bleeding or distal pulses were appreciated, medics tightened tourniquets under surgeon supervision until distal pulses stopped. Medics were generally surprised at how tight a tourniquet must be to stop arterial flow ? convert a venous tourniquet into an arterial tourniquet. Implications for sustainment training should be considered with regard to this life-saving skill.
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1. Les garrots doivent être serrés de manière conforme; arrêt du saignement et dès que possible contrôle de l'absence de pouls.
2. Les garrots doivent être surveillés tout au long de la chaine de prise en charge
3. La fiche mémento sur le concept de garrot tactique est à lire et relire
| Tags : tourniquet, garrot
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