29/03/2011
Exacyl: OUI mais dans l'heure qui suit le trauma
L'exacyl est recommandé pour la prise en charge du traumatisé. L'étude Crash 2 l'a montré. Un complément d'analyse de cette étude précise cependant qu'il faut l'administer dans l'heure suivant le traumatisme.
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The importance of early treatment with tranexamic acid in bleeding trauma patients: an exploratory analysis of the CRASH-2 randomised controlled trial
Findings
10 096 patients were allocated to tranexamic acid and 10 115 to placebo, of whom 10 060 and 10 067, respectively, were analysed. 1063 deaths (35%) were due to bleeding. We recorded strong evidence that the effect of tranexamic acid on death due to bleeding varied according to the time from injury to treatment (test for interaction p<0·0001). Early treatment (≤1 h from injury) significantly reduced the risk of death due to bleeding (198/3747 [5·3%] events in tranexamic acid group vs 286/3704 [7·7%] in placebo group; relative risk [RR] 0·68, 95% CI 0·57—0·82; p<0·0001). Treatment given between 1 and 3 h also reduced the risk of death due to bleeding (147/3037 [4·8%] vs 184/2996 [6·1%]; RR 0·79, 0·64—0·97; p=0·03). Treatment given after 3 h seemed to increase the risk of death due to bleeding (144/3272 [4·4%] vs103/3362 [3·1%]; RR 1·44, 1·12—1·84; p=0·004). We recorded no evidence that the effect of tranexamic acid on death due to bleeding varied by systolic blood pressure, Glasgow coma score, or type of injury.
Interpretation
Tranexamic acid should be given as early as possible to bleeding trauma patients. For trauma patients admitted late after injury, tranexamic acid is less effective and could be harmful.