Tourniquet en milieu froid: Des spécificités

Analysis of tourniquet pressure over military winter clothing and a short review of combat casualty care in cold weather warfare

Lechner R and All. Arctic Military Conference in Cold Weather Medicine. 10.1080/22423982.2023.2194141

Cold weather warfare is of increasing importance. Haemorrhage is the most common preventable cause of death in military conflicts. We analysed the pressure of the Combat Application Tourniquet® Generation 7 (CAT), the SAM® Extremity Tourniquet (SAMXT) and the SOF® Tactical Tourniquet Wide Generation 4 (SOFTT) over different military cold weather clothing setups with aleg tourniquet trainer. We conducted a selective PubMed search and supplemented this with own experiences in cold weather medicine. The CAT and the SAMXT both reached the cut off value of 180 mmHg in almost all applications. The SOFTT was unable to reach the 180 mmHg limit in less than 50% of all applications in some clothing setups. We outline the influence of cold during military operations by presenting differences between military and civilian cold exposure. We propose a classification of winter warfare and identify caveats and alterations of Tactical CombatCasualty Care in cold weather warfare, with a special focus on control of bleeding. The application of tourniquets over military winter clothing is successful in principle, but effectiveness may vary for different tourniquet models. Soldiers are more affected and impaired by cold than civilians. Militaryc ommanders must be made aware of medical alterations in cold weather warfare.