Le graal plaquettaire hémostatique ?

Thrombosomes: a platelet-derived hemostatic agent for control of noncompressible hemorrhage

Fitzpatrick GM et Al. Transfusion. 2013 Jan;53 Suppl 1:100S-106S

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Un thrombosome est en quelque sorte une plaquette lyophilisée dans laquelle l'eau est remplacée par un sucre particulier: le trehalose. Ré exposé à une atmosphère humide, il se réhydrate pour retrouver toutes ses propriétés. Cela ne semble pas être une simple théorie car il initierait une génération de thrombine permettant la formation d'un caillot de manière satisfaisante. Des thrombosmes, du fibrinogène et du PLyo, on peut espérer !

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BACKGROUND: Uncontrolled hemorrhage is responsible for ~80% of the potentially survivable deaths in combat and over 40% of early mortality in the under 65 age group in the United States. Providing an easily used infusible hemostatic agent to first responders could significantly reduce these fatalities. We report on an infusible lyophilized platelet-derived hemostatic agent stabilized with trehalose and polysucrose prior to and during lyophilization.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Characterization included determining the particle population size range, surface marker expression GPIb, GPIIbIIIa, and Annexin V binding. Function was assessed by aggregation, thromboelastography, and thrombin generation. Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and immunogenicity established using Indium111 labeled Thrombosomes in healthy New Zealand white rabbits (NZWRs), efficacy in thrombocytopenic NZWR, and safety in NZWRs, canines, and nonhuman primates.

RESULTS: Thrombosomes retained GPIIbIIIa expression (98.71% 0.18 of the rehydrated particles), a reduced expression of GPIb (47.77% 6.65), and Annexin V binding (86.05% 2.65). Aggregation to all agonists except thrombin in buffer (78.15% 2.5) was <50%. Thrombin generation and thromboelastography results demonstrated a concentration gradient that was consistent from lot to lot. There were no observed adverse events in any safety study and blood loss was reduced by >80% in the thrombocytopenic ear bleed model.

CONCLUSION: Our in vitro characterization studies in conjunction with preclinical animal safety and efficacy studies demonstrated lot consistency in manufacturing, maintenance of hemostatic functions of Thrombosomes, safety at high dose concentrations, and the potential to provide an effective hemostatic agent at the site of injury.