Brûlures au phosphore: Pansement humide simplement

Experimental Comparison of Efficiency of First Aid Dressings in Burning White Phosphorus on Bacon Model.

Witkowski W et Al Med Sci Monit. 2015 Aug 12;21:2361-6

BACKGROUND:

The aim of this study was to determine effectiveness of first aid dressings in extinguishing burning white phosphorous (WP), eliminating WP pieces from the surface, inhibiting re-ignition on the model (fresh bacon covered with military uniform), and preventing from late re-ignition caused by persistent WP pieces.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Burning WP was extinguished with several dressings: tactical Military Dressing (WJ10), wet gauze, 2 hydrocolloids, and 3 prototypes of hydrocolloids developed by the authors.

RESULTS:

All examined dressings were effective in extinguishing WP provided that the entire area of the burning substance was completely covered. Moist gauze was especially effective in extinguishing WP, and also removed and absorbed the majority of the WP mass, preventing deeper penetration of WP particles. The immediate re-ignition was observed when all the remaining examined dressings were removed from the bacon. A stream of water was dangerous, as it splashed and transferred pieces of WP around.

CONCLUSIONS:

Moist gauze placed on burning WP for approximately 3 min was most effective in extinguishing WP and removing most of the WP pieces. We recommend moist gauze, used once or twice, as the best primary means for WP elimination and preventing tissue penetration. As a dressing used for medical evacuation (MEDEVAC), or as a second step after complete removal of visible WP, innovative hydrocolloid or hydrogel dressings should be used.

Overall View of Chemical and Biochemical Weapons

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Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare

1. History of Biological Weapons: From Poisoned Darts to Intentional Epidemics 
   James W. Martin, George W. Christopher, and Edward M. Eitzen, Jr.
2. Food, Waterborne, and Agricultural Diseases 
   Zygmunt F. Dembek and Edwin L. Anderson
3. Epidemiology of Biowarfare and Bioterrorism 
   Zygmunt F. Dembek, Julie A. Pavlin, and Mark G. Kortepeter
4. Anthrax
   Bret K. Purcell, Patricia L. Worsham, and Arthur M. Friedlander
5. Plague
   Patricia L. Worsham, Thomas W. McGovern, Nicholas J. Vietri, and Arthur M. Friedlander
6. Glanders
   Bridget Carr Gregory and David M. Waag
7. Melioidosis
   Nicholas J. Vietri and David Deshazer
8. Tularemia
   Matthew J. Hepburn, Arthur M. Friedlander, and Zygmunt F. Dembek
9. Brucellosis
   Bret K. Purcell, David L. Hoover, and Arthur M. Friedlander
10. Q Fever
    David M. Waag
11. Smallpox and Related Orthopoxviruses
    Peter B. Jahrling, John W. Huggins, M. Sofi Ibrahim, James V. Lawler, and James W. Martin
12. Alphavirus Encephalitides
    Keith E. Steele, Douglas S. Reed, Pamela J. Glass, Mary Kate Hart, George V. Ludwig, William D. Pratt, Michael D. Parker, and Jonathan F. Smith
13. Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
    Peter B. Jahrling, Aileen M. Marty, and Thomas W. Geisbert
14. Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B and Related Toxins
    Robert G. Ulrich, Catherine L. Wilhelmsen, and Teresa Krakauer
15. Ricin
    Mark A. Poli, Chad Roy, Kermit D. Huebner, David R. Franz, and Nancy K. Jaax
16. Botulinum Toxin
    Zygmunt F. Dembek, Leonard A. Smith, and Janice M. Rusnak
17. Additional Toxins of Clinical Concern
    Kermit D. Huebner, Robert W. Wannemacher, Jr., Bradley G. Stiles, Michel R. Popoff, and Mark A. Poli
18. Laboratory Identification of Biological Threats
    Erik A. Henchal, George V. Ludwig, Chris A. Whitehouse, and John M. Scherer
19. Consequence Management: The National and Local Response
    Kermit D. Huebner and James W. Martin
20. Medical Management of Potential Biological Casualties: A Stepwise Approach
    Theodore J. Cieslak and George W. Christopher
21. Medical Countermeasures
    Janice M. Rusnak, Ellen F. Boudreau, Matthew J. Hepburn, James W. Martin, and Sina Bavari
22. Biosafety
    Catherine L. Wilhelmsen and Robert J. Hawley
23. Biosurety
    Gretchen L. Demmin
24. Ethical and Legal Dilemmas in Biodefense Research
    Jeffrey E. Stephenson and Arthur O. Anderson
25. Emerging Infectious Diseases and Future Threats
    Chris A. Whitehouse, Alan L. Schmaljohn, and Zygmunt F. Dembek

Medical Management of Chemical Casualties

Chapter 1. Lung-Damaging Agents

Chapter 2. Cyanide

Chapter 3. Vesicants

Chapter 4. Nerve Agents

Chapter 5. Incapacitating Agents

Chapter 6. Riot-Control Agents

Chapter 7. Decontamination

Chapter 8. Casualty Management in a Contaminated Area

Chapter 9. Individual Protective Equipment 

Appendices

Index

Chemical and biological weapons

1.	Overview: Defense Against the Effects of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents	1
2.	History of Chemical and Biological Warfare: An American Perspective	9
3.	Historical Aspects of Medical Defense Against Chemical Warfare	87
4.	The Chemical Warfare Threat and the Military Healthcare Provider	111
5.	Nerve Agents	129
6.	Pretreatment for Nerve Agent Exposure	181
7.	Vesicants	197
8.	Long-Term Health Effects of Nerve Agents and Mustard	229
9.	Toxic Inhalational Injury	247
10.	Cyanide Poisoning	271
11.	Incapacitating Agents	287
12.	Riot Control Agents	307
13.	Field Management of Chemical Casualties	325
14.	Triage of Chemical Casualties	337
15.	Decontamination	351
16.	Chemical Defense Equipment	361
17.	Healthcare and the Chemical Surety Mission	397
18.	Historical Overview of Biological Warfare	415
19.	The U.S. Biological Warfare and Biological Defense Programs	425
20.	Use of Biological Weapons	437
21.	The Biological Warfare Threat	451
22.	Anthrax	467
23.	Plague	479
24.	Tularemia	503
25.	Brucellosis	513
26.	Q Fever	523
27.	Smallpox	539
28.	Viral Encephalitides	561
29.	Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers	591
30.	Defense Against Toxin Weapons	603
31.	Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B and Related Pyrogenic Toxins	621
32.	Ricin Toxin	631
33.	Botulinum Toxins	643
34.	Trichothecene Mycotoxins	655
35.	Medical Challenges in Chemical and Biological Defense for the 21st Century	677
	Acronyms and Abbreviations	687
	Index

Fiches Biotox

Fiches biotox de prise en charge thérapeutique

Ces fiches sont destinées aux professionnels de santé habilités à appliquer les instructions du plan BIOTOX.

• Introduction aux fiches biotox de prise en charge thérapeutique (24/10/2008)
• Fiche récapitulative (24/10/2008) 
• Conduite à tenir en situation d'urgence avant identification de l'agent pathogène responsable (24/10/2008)
• Vademecum thérapeutique (24/10/2008)
• Indications et alternatives thérapeutiques aux fluoroquinolones (24/10/2008)
• Fiche 2 - Charbon (24/10/2008) 
• Fiche 3 - Peste (24/10/2008)
• Fiche 4 -Tularémie (23/10/2008) 
• Fiche 5 - Brucellose (24/10/2008)
• Fiche 6 - Agents des fièvres hémorragiques virales (24/10/2008)
• Fiche 7 - Variole (24/10/2008)
• Fiche 8 - Toxine botulique (24/10/2008)
• Fiche 9 - Fièvre Q (24/10/2008)
• Fiche 10 - Morve et mélioïdose (24/10/2008) 
• Fiche 11 - Autres infections bactériennes (24/10/2008)
• Fiche 12 - Autres agents biologiques, pour lesquels aucun traitements spécifique ou prophylactique ne peut être recommandés (24/10/2008)

Fiches PIRATOME

Fiches PIRATOME

Prise en charge des contaminations internes à divers radionucléides (entrée par antidote, la fiche n°1 oriente le choix de l'antidote)

• Fiche Piratome 1- Principes de traitement et choix des antidotes (01/12/2010) 
• Piratome sheet 1 - "Treatment principles and choice of antidotes" (26/01/2012)  
• Fiche Piratome 2 - Bleu de Prusse (01/12/2010)
• Piratome sheet 2 - Prussian blue (23/01/2012)
• Fiche Piratome 3 - DMSA/BAL (01/12/2010) )
• Piratome sheet 3 - DMSA – BAL (26/01/2012)  
• Fiche Piratome 4 - DTPA (01/12/2010)  
• Piratome sheet 4 - Ca-DTPA (26/01/2012) )

Fiches Piratox

Fiches PIRATOX

Prise en charge des intoxications aux agents chimiques (entrée par catégorie d'agent chimique)

• Fiche Piratox 1 - Cyanures et dérivés cyanés (01/12/2010) 
• Piratox Sheet 1 - "Cyanides and cyanide derivatives" (26/01/2012) 
• Fiche Piratox 2 - Hydrogène arsenié ou arsine (01/12/2010) 
• Piratox sheet 2 - "Hydrogen arsenide or arsine" (26/01/2012) 
• Fiche Piratox 3 - Lewisite (01/12/2010) 
• Piratox sheet 3 - "Lewisite" (26/01/2012) 
• Fiche Piratox 4 - Organosphophorés :neurotoxiques de guerre et pesticides (01/12/2010) 
• Piratox sheet 4 - "Organophosphates: neurotoxic weapons and pesticides" (26/01/2012) 
• Fiche Piratox 5 - Suffocants et phosphine (01/12/2010) 
• Piratox sheet 5 - "Suffocating agents and phosphine (26/01/2012) 
• Fiche Piratox 6 - Yperite et autres moutardes vésicantes (01/12/2010) 
• Piratox sheet 6 - "Yperite and other vesicant mustard agents" (26/01/2012) 

Oximes: Pas toutes équivalentes

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Toxiques de guerre: Les fondamentaux

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Intoxication Organophosphorés: Mise au point

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